Why Employee Ownership Matters

Employee ownership changes the relationship between the company and employee.

A win-win for people and business

Wealth Building

Employee-owned companies create life-changing wealth for workers. On average, employee-owners have about $90,000 more in retirement wealth.

Better Environment

Broad-based ownership creates alignment up and down the company. Employee-owners benefit from increased respect, trust and job stability.

Stronger Performance

Employee ownership is a proven model for making companies more successful. Employee-owned businesses see increased productivity, growth and engagement.

There's more than one way to be employee owned

Businesses of all types and sizes are employee-owned. Thanks to its flexible nature, there are many ways to implement employee ownership. Whether a business has thousands of employees or just a few, there is an ownership structure that will work.

2.5 M+

Employee-owners

6,300+

Companies

Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs)

Most American employee-owned companies are ESOP companies. An ESOP is a retirement benefit plan that’s open to all employees and invests primarily in the employer’s stock. ESOPs operate similarly to 401(k)s, holding stock in special trusts that accrue a combination of shares and cash that the employee-owner can access when they retire.

ESOPs are usually seen in mature companies as a means of providing liquidity to selling owners and although some are smaller, most have a minimum of 30 full-time employees.  ESOPs come with substantial tax advantages; for example, 100% ESOP-owned S-corporations are exempt from federal income tax.

Employee Ownership Trusts (EOTs)

EOTs, also known as Employee Ownership Purpose Trusts (EOPTs) are quickly gaining traction as an innovative ownership structure. An EOT is conceptually similar to a land trust in that it’s designed to hold assets indefinitely, ensuring they’re used to promote a particular purpose.

While every EOT company varies, values built into EOTs can include offering employee-owners the right to choose their board of directors, as well as earning profits as the company grows.

Worker Cooperatives

Worker cooperatives are democratically owned and governed by their employee-owners. Typically, a company has eligibility requirements for becoming a worker-owner and once an employee meets these, they can purchase or receive a membership share. In a worker cooperative, profits are usually shared based on hours worked instead of investment dollars.

Employee-owners in worker cooperatives are responsible for making shareholder decisions, including voting in the board of directors.

Direct share ownership and equity compensation

Across America, more companies are turning to direct share ownership or equity compensation structures to empower employee-owners. These ownership structures are great for companies that want to customize employee-ownership offerings based on size and lifecycle, making them suitable for businesses of varying sizes and ages.

Direct share ownership is most often implemented through Employee Stock Purchase Plans (ESPPs), which enable employees to purchase discounted stock through payroll deductions. Compensation They’re typically seen in publicly-traded companies; however, some privately-held companies have been known to implement ESPPs, enabling employees to become co-owners. In some cases, direct share ownership companies offer financial assistance, such as low-interest loans, to help employees transform into owners.

Equity compensation incorporates stock-based employee benefits including stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, stock appreciation rights, and phantom stock. Equity compensation is typically gifted to employees or in some cases, employees are given the option to purchase equity compensation on favorable terms. Equity compensation is often used as a way to compensate executives or offset below-market wages in start-ups.

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Ownership Concepts

Ownership can create wealth and success for your employees, leading to a higher quality of life for them and their families. But it’s not always just about the profit—there are rights and responsibilities to consider, too. There are three major concepts associated with ownership.

Money

All employee ownership structures are about sharing the wealth with the workers who make a business successful. In an employee-owned business, a worker gets their own piece of the pie either through profit sharing, share or option grants, or company stock ownership.

A key notion across all forms of employee-ownership is that wealth sharing must be broad-based. In other words, access to ownership must be open to every employee in the company on a reasonable timeline, and concentration of ownership must be limited.

Operational Decision-Making

Many employee-owned companies set up practices that expand employee participation in decision making. These practices may increase the role of employees in setting the company’s overall direction, encourage employees to generate new product and service ideas, or simply offer greater autonomy over day-to-day work.

Often increased involvement in decision making goes hand in hand with education about financial literacy and open book management. The idea is that providing workers with transparent access to information about the business and the knowledge required to use this information can help them better think and act like owners, which ultimately improves the company’s performance.

Governance

At some employee-owned companies, workers play a role in nominating, electing, and potentially serving on the board of directors. At companies with majority employee governance, workers effectively control the organization and management is formally accountable to the workforce. For instance, worker cooperatives are governed by workers who elect the board democratically (on a one-person-one-vote basis). Some companies take this even further and have employees vote on major strategic decisions, though today this approach is rare.

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